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Various forms of noninvasive respiratory support have been applied to the treatment of infant respiratory distress and hypoxemia.The most common noninvasive respiratory support in neonatal intensive care unit is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).But the NCPAP systems are not always well accepted by the neonatal population,with the risk of mucosal injury and nosocomial infection.In recent years,humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) has been introduced and developed as a possible alternative to NCPAP for noninvasive respiratory support mode,because it increases patients' comfort and the effectiveness of the ventilation.This article summarized the current research progress of HHFNC therapy in pediatric patients.
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Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Studies show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulation enzyme and serves a pivotal function in the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor,which contributes to the decrease in hepatic cholesterol uptake and increase in circulating LDL-C.PCSK9 inhibitor can significantly elevate the surface of low density lipoprotein receptor of liver cells and bond more LDL-C to decrease the level of LDL-C.Thus PCSK9 has emerged as a popular target for the development of new cholesterol lowering drugs and therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular disease.In this article,the history,mechanism of action,metabolic effects of PCSK9 and the clinical outcomes of PCSK9 inhibitors will be briefly reviewed.
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Atherosclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the arterial wall,with both the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to many endogenous and exogenous antigens.Both proatherogenic as well as atheroprotective roles have been identified for the immune system in atherosclerosis.Hence,it is conceivable that an immuno-modulatory strategy via active immunization against many of these antigens could potentially alter the natural history of atherosclerosis.Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism,suggesting it might prevent atherosclerosis.This review discusses the recent advances of vaccine targeting the development of atherosclerosis,mainly about the CETP targeting vaccines.
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Objective·To investigate the potential value of serum miRNAs for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods·Blood samples were collected from 28 emergency patients with suspected ACS in 3 h after enrollment. Eighteen patients were finally diagnosed as ACS and ten as non-ACS according to the ACS guideline. The expression levels of cardiac miR-499 and myocardial injury related miR-652 were measured with qRT-PCR. At the same time levels of troponin I (cTnI) were monitored. Then the correlations between miRNAs and cTnI were analyzed. In addition, 95% reference range was established. Results·The expression levels of serum miRNAs increased in ACS patients within 3 h and serum miR-499 in the ACS patients was 9.2 times the amount in the non-ACS patients (P=0.009). Serum miR-499 (r=0.595, P=0.001) and miR-652 (r=0.579, P=0.001) levels both had positive correlations with cTnI. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum miR-499 and miR-652 was 0.786 and 0.583, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-499 were 72.22% and 80.00%, respectively, while 72.22% and 60.00% for miR-652. The reference ranges of serum miR-499 and miR-652 were 0.001-2.723 and 0.122-9.660, respectively. Conclusion·Cardiac miR-499 in serum has potential to be a biomarker for early diagnosis of ACS.
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Objective· To prepare nanocarriers capable of improving the immunogenicity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) hapten. Methods · Prepare CETP polypeptide modified by thiol in Fmoc, then Sulfo-SMCC were used to prepare CETP peptide-ovalbumin (OVA) nanoparticle and CETP peptide - OVA molecule conjugates in a two-step reaction scheme. The particle size and zeta potential of nanovaccine were determined and the morphology was observed. New Zealand White rabbits were vaccinated by subcutaneous injection of vaccine and serum collected from rabbits was detected by ELISA assay for the analysis of antibodies, high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The rabbits were randomly allocated to the PBS group (n=3), traditional vaccine group (n=3), and nanovaccine group (n=3). Results · Nanovaccine targeting CETP were successfully synthesized, with about 70 nm in size and about -8.81 mV in zeta potential, and possessed homogeneous spherical shape under transmission electron microscopy. Compared with traditional vaccine group, rabbits in nanovaccine group got higher antibodies. Conclusion · Nanovaccine improve immunogenicity of CETP haptens, and stimulate experiment rabbits to produce higher antibodies.
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Objective·To investigate the potential value of serum miRNAs for early diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods·Blood samples were collected from 28 emergency patients with suspected ACS in 3 h after enrollment. Eighteen patients were finally diagnosed as ACS and ten as non-ACS according to the ACS guideline. The expression levels of cardiac miR-499 and myocardial injury related miR-652 were measured with qRT-PCR. At the same time levels of troponin I (cTnI) were monitored. Then the correlations between miRNAs and cTnI were analyzed. In addition, 95% reference range was established. Results·The expression levels of serum miRNAs increased in ACS patients within 3 h and serum miR-499 in the ACS patients was 9.2 times the amount in the non-ACS patients (P=0.009). Serum miR-499 (r=0.595, P=0.001) and miR-652 (r=0.579, P=0.001) levels both had positive correlations with cTnI. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of serum miR-499 and miR-652 was 0.786 and 0.583, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-499 were 72.22% and 80.00%, respectively, while 72.22% and 60.00% for miR-652. The reference ranges of serum miR-499 and miR-652 were 0.001-2.723 and 0.122-9.660, respectively. Conclusion·Cardiac miR-499 in serum has potential to be a biomarker for early diagnosis of ACS.